If You Know You Have Hiv and Actively Have Sex Is That Murder
Homo immunodeficiency virus, more usually known as HIV, is a virus that, without treatment, leads to deterioration of your body's immune organisation to a bespeak where your trunk has trouble fighting off mild infections. When your immune system has become severely damaged after a prolonged menstruum with HIV, it'south known every bit acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS.
HIV is a bloodborne retrovirus that infects specific cells in the man immune arrangement called CD4 T cells. CD4 cells normally play an of import office in your immune system. They're responsible for detecting harmful pathogens like leaner and viruses and then your torso tin can begin fighting off those pathogens.
In that location'southward no cure for HIV, and in one case you contract it, the virus will remain in your body for life. Over time, if left untreated, HIV can progressively damage your immune system to a bespeak where you become susceptible to AIDS-defining illnesses — infections and conditions that wouldn't normally brand you ill if your immune system was performance properly.
In honor of National HIV/AIDS & Crumbling Sensation Day, we're going to hash out the causes of, symptoms of, and treatments for HIV and AIDs.
Many people take no symptoms at all after initially condign infected with HIV. However, most people exercise experience some non-specific symptoms within the offset few weeks after infection. This means the symptoms are typical of many illnesses and don't immediately point to one specific condition as their crusade. For HIV, non-specific symptoms include:
- Flu-like symptoms
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Headache
- Stiff or aching muscles
- Rash
- Mouth ulcers
- Sore throat
- Sweating at night
- Bloated lymph glands
After this initial disease, which is known as "seroconversion," most people live for many years without any symptoms until the virus has harmed their immune system to a point where they start to become significantly more than vulnerable to infections and illnesses.
HIV is present in the blood, pre-ejaculatory fluid, semen, vaginal fluid, rectal fluid, and chest milk of people with the virus. HIV tin can be transmitted past:
- Sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex, and through the sharing of sex toys
- Sharing of needles, which virtually commonly occurs in groups of people who are using intravenous drugs
- Receiving a blood transfusion from an infected individual; this rarely occurs in adult countries, as donor claret is usually screened for blood-borne viruses such as HIV
- Childbirth; HIV tin be passed from the significant parent to the kid during pregnancy or childbirth
- Breastfeeding; HIV exists in breast milk and can be passed on to a kid
In rare cases, HIV tin also be spread by:
- Ingesting pre-chewed food from someone who has the virus; this is a mutual practice in some underdeveloped countries and is generally done to feed small children or elderly people
- Beingness bitten by someone or bitter someone who has HIV
- Kissing, if in that location is bleeding within the oral cavity
- Undergoing body-modification procedures such as tattoos or piercings if tools are not properly sterilized between clients
The vast majority of cases of HIV in the Usa are acquired via sexual contact. HIV cannot exist spread by:
- Air
- H2o
- Insect bites
- Saliva
- Sweat
- Tears
- Coincidental contact such as shaking easily or hugging
Diagnosing HIV
HIV is usually diagnosed via a claret test. The nearly authentic and reliable test is known as a fourth-generation test. It checks for both a specific part of the HIV viral construction (chosen the p24 antigen) and your own trunk's response to the infection (HIV antibodies).
Point-of-care tests are also available, and they differ from fourth-generation tests. These take a small sample of saliva or blood and provide a result in less than an hr. However, these are less sensitive and may not pick upwardly all cases of HIV due to the smaller concentration of antibodies in the saliva or small blood sample. Yous should ever follow up a signal-of-care result with a confirmatory laboratory test. There are also self-sampling and abode-testing kits available.
Whatever positive result is commonly repeated to check information technology wasn't a rare fake-positive. If you're diagnosed with HIV, yous'll be referred to a specialist HIV eye to discuss handling correct away.
HIV has a window flow, meaning information technology can take a certain length of time for a test to be able to detect the virus in your trunk. Many newer tests tin determine results in 99% of people 45 days following their potential exposure. If yous retrieve you might accept been exposed to HIV, it may non show upwards in a blood exam for 45 days. Betoken-of-intendance testing and at-domicile testing can have an even longer window menses, sometimes lasting up to 12 weeks.
Treatment for HIV
At that place is no cure for HIV, just the infection tin be managed, assuasive people with the virus to lead long and normal lives. Treatment for HIV usually involves a number of different antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. The virus requires an enzyme called protease in lodge to replicate, so treatment will involve protease inhibitors likewise as ARV drugs. This combination of medications is called highly active antiretroviral treatment, or HAART.
The aim of treatment is to reduce the level of circulating virus particles in your body to a point where HIV is no longer detectable. This means that the virus is at such depression levels that it won't cause nigh as much impairment to your immune system, and you lot likely won't exist able to transmit it to anyone. Undetectable means untransmissable. Many people reach this level inside 6 months of treatment.
HIV drugs, like whatever medication, tin can cause side furnishings, such every bit nausea, diarrhea, headache and rash. Some people feel long-term side effects, such as changes in claret cholesterol levels or interference with liver or kidney functioning. You lot'll be regularly monitored for these side effects once you lot start medication therapy.
How well the treatment is working is monitored past two parameters: the HIV viral load, meaning how many viral particles are present in your blood, and the CD4 count, which is a measure of how much the HIV virus has damaged specific blood cells of your immune system.
Post-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP, is a set of medications that you tin take very presently later on potential exposure to HIV. In well-nigh cases, these drugs can prevent infection from occurring. This treatment should only exist used in an emergency and must be taken within 72 hours of exposure. PEP is usually taken for a period of 28 days.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP (bachelor under the brand names Truvada® and Descovy®), is a medication that you can take if you're at high run a risk of contracting HIV. These drugs can protect you from acquiring an infection with the virus. You can take PrEP daily or "on demand," in which you lot have the medication right before you could potentially be exposed to the virus.
HIV Prognosis
HIV is a chronic condition that currently has no cure, just people with the virus have plenty of effective options for managing the condition and living comfortably. Without treatment, nearly every HIV patient will continue to develop AIDS. Notwithstanding, when doctors find HIV early and begin providing prompt treatment, the prognosis for people with HIV is very adept. Nowadays, someone who's diagnosed early with a high CD4 count has the same life expectancy as someone without HIV. However, people with HIV do appear to develop some other weather at earlier ages than those without HIV — including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, lung illness, diabetes and cancer — which may equate to differences in quality of life.
If someone doesn't get treatment early on, the virus volition progress and weaken their immune system, which may crusade more complications afterwards in life. However, treatment can all the same be effective, no affair when the virus is diagnosed.
There's a very small group of people who, despite having HIV in their bodies, never develop AIDS. These patients are called "long-term nonprogressors," and it'south non clear what makes them resistant to the furnishings of HIV.
The best fashion to prevent the spread of HIV is to practice safe sex, as this is how most cases are transmitted. Consequent and right condom use tin preclude the spread of the virus. Sharing needles when misusing injectable drugs is another common form of transmission, and information technology'due south of import to never share some other person'due south needles or injecting equipment. If you lot're looking for help in overcoming drug addiction, contact the Substance Corruption and Mental Wellness Services Administration National Helpline at ane-800-662-4357 for gratis and confidential counseling.
HIV can be transmitted from a pregnant parent to their unborn kid, so it's important if yous have HIV and become pregnant to inform your obstetrician immediately. They can help you take steps to reduce the risk of spreading the disease to your unborn infant. Consider the utilise of PrEP to prevent infection acquisition if you lot're unable to avert potential contact with HIV.
Resource Links:
https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/default.html
https://www.fpa.org.uk/sites/default/files/hiv-information-and-communication.pdf
https://world wide web.aidsmap.com/news/mar-2020/aye-same-life-expectancy-hiv-negative-people-far-fewer-years-skillful-health
https://www.nhs.uk/atmospheric condition/hiv-and-aids/
https://medlineplus.gov/hivaids.html
https://bestpractice.bmj.com/patient-leaflets/en-gb/pdf/3000138/HIV%3A%20what%20is%20it%3F.pdf
https://www.tht.org.uk/hiv-and-sexual-wellness
https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics
If You Know You Have Hiv and Actively Have Sex Is That Murder
Source: https://www.symptomfind.com/health/hiv-condition?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740013%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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